Statistics



Curriculum

Dispersion

  • Quartile Deviation (Grouped data only)
  • Mean Deviation (Grouped data only)
  • Standard Deviation (Grouped data only)
  • Variation (Grouped data only)

    Quartile Deviation:
  • The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile is called inter-quartile range. The semi-inter quartile range of the data is known as Quartile deviation( Q. D. )
  • Here, \( Q_3 - Q_1 \) is known as inter-quartile range, \( \frac{Q_3-Q_1}{2} \) is known as semi-inter quartile rangle and \( \frac{Q_3-Q_1}{Q_3+Q_1} \) is known as the coefficient of quartile defiation.
  • For continuous or grouped data
    Position of \( Q_1 = \left( \frac{N}{4} \right)^{th} \) term
    Position of \( Q_3 = \left( \frac{3N}{4} \right)^{th} \) item
  • Value of \( \displaystyle Q_1 = L+  \frac{\frac{N}{4}-cf}{f} \times h  \)
  • Value of \( \displaystyle Q_3 = L+  \frac{\frac{3N}{4}-cf}{f} \times h  \)
    Where,
    \(L= \)lower limit of quartile class
    \( c.f.= \) c.f of preceeding class
    \( f = \) frequency of quartile class
    \( h = \) class - interval
Mean Deviation:
  • The average of the absolute values of the deviation of each item from mean, median or mode is known as a mean deviation. It is also known as average deviation. It is denoted by M.D.
Calculation of Mean Deviation
  • M.D. from mean \(\displaystyle \frac{ \Sigma f|x-\overline{x}|} {N} \)
  • M.D. from mean \(\displaystyle \frac{ \Sigma f|x-median|} {N} \)
    Where \( x \) indicates the mid-value of each class interval.
  • Coefficient of M.D. from mean \( \displaystyle \frac{M.D.}{Mean} \)
  • Coefficient of M.D. from mean \( \displaystyle \frac{M.D.}{Median} \)
Standard Deviation
  • Standard deviation is the positive square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of deviations of given data taken from mean. It is also known as " Root mean square deviation". It is denoted by Greek Letter \( \sigma \) ( read as sigma ). It is considered as the best measure of dispersion.
Calculation of Standard Deviation
  • Actual mean method:
    Standard deviation\( \displaystyle  ( \sigma ) = \sqrt{\frac{\Sigma f(x-\overline{x})}{N}}\)
    Where \(x\) is mid-value of each class-interval.
  • Direct Method:
    Standard deviation\( \displaystyle  ( \sigma ) = \sqrt{\frac{\Sigma fx^2}{N}-\left(\frac{\Sigma fx}{N} \right)^2}\)
    Where \(x\) is mid-value of each class-interval.
  • Assumed mean method ( or short - cut method )
    Standard deviation\( \displaystyle  ( \sigma ) = \sqrt{\frac{\Sigma fd^2}{N}-\left(\frac{\Sigma fd}{N} \right)^2}\)
    Where \(d=x-A, A= \text{ assumed mean }\), \( x= \text{ mid-value of each class-interval} \)
  • Step deviation method:
    When class-interval is very large then step deviation method is used to find the standard deviation.
    Standard deviation\( \displaystyle  ( \sigma ) = \sqrt{\frac{\Sigma fd'^2}{N}-\left(\frac{\Sigma fd'}{N} \right)^2} \times h\)
    Where,
     \( \displaystyle d'=\frac{x-A}{h}\)
    \( A= \text{ assumed mean }\)
     \( x= \text{ mid-value of each class-interval} \)
    \(h = class - height \)
Formula to calculate the coefficient of standard deviation
  • Coefficient of S.D. \( = \frac{S.D.}{Mean} \text{  or,  }  \frac{\sigma}{Mean } \)
  • If the coefficient of S.D. is multiplied by 100, then it is known as coefficient of variation.
    Thus, coefficient of variation (C.V.) \( = \frac{\sigma}{ Mean } \times 100\% \)
  • The square of S.D. is called variance.
    i.e. \( \text{ Variance } =  \sigma^2 \) 
  1. Find the Quartile Deviation and its coefficient from the following frequency table.

    \( \begin{bmatrix} CI&0\le x < 10 & 10\le x < 20& 20\le x <30 & 30 \le x <40 & 40 \le x <50 \\f & 5  & 2&9&2&2 \end{bmatrix} \)

  2. Find the mean deviation from median and its coefficient from the following frequency table.
    \( \begin{bmatrix} CI&10\le x < 20 & 20\le x < 30& 30\le x <40 & 40 \le x <50 & 50 \le x <60 \\f & 2 & 3&5&4&1 \end{bmatrix} \)
  3. Compute mean deviation mean and it's coefficient from  the following data.

    \( \begin{bmatrix}\text{Marks} & 0 -10& 0-20&0-30&0-40&0-50 \\ \text{No of students} &9&15&19&31&40 \end{bmatrix} \)

  4. Compute standard deviation and it's coefficient from the following data.

    \( \begin{bmatrix}\text{Marks} & 0 -50& 10-50&20-50&30-50&40-50 \\ \text{No of students} &15&14&10&5&2 \end{bmatrix} \)

  5. Compute coefficient of variation from the following data.

    \( \begin{bmatrix}\text{Mid Value } & 5 & 15 & 25 & 35 & 45 \\ \text{No of students} &4&6&10&7&2 \end{bmatrix} \)

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